Currencies Terms

The Afghani (AFN) is the official currency and legal tender of Afghanistan, issued and regulated by the central bank, Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB).

The Albanian Lek (ALL) is the official currency and legal tender of Albania, issued and managed by the Bank of Albania under a free-floating exchange rate regime.

The Algerian Dinar (DZD) is the official currency and legal tender of Algeria, regulated by the Bank of Algeria under a managed floating exchange rate regime tied to energy exports.

The Andorran Franc (ADF) was a historical dual currency unit utilized in the Principality of Andorra alongside the Spanish peseta until both were permanently replaced by the euro.

The Andorran Peseta (ADP) was the primary historical circulating currency unit in Andorra, pegged at 1:1 parity with the Spanish peseta until the adoption of the euro.

ANG is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Netherlands Antillean guilder (also called the florin), the official currency of Curaçao and Sint Maarten, pegged to the US dollar at 1.79.

The Angolan Kwanza (AOA) is the legal tender currency of the Republic of Angola, issued and regulated by the National Bank of Angola and strongly linked to global crude oil export dynamics.

AUD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Australian Dollar, the official legal tender of the Commonwealth of Australia and several Pacific Island territories. Informally known on trading desks as the 'Aussie,' it ranks as the fifth most heavily traded currency in global foreign exchange markets.

Physical negotiable promissory notes issued by a central bank or monetary authority, legally designated as legal tender for all public and private debts. Unlike electronic book-entry bank reserves and foreign exchange market flows, banknotes represent physical circulating cash.

The base currency is the first currency listed in a forex currency pair. It is the currency being bought or sold, and its value is always quoted in terms of the second currency (the quote currency). In EUR/USD, the euro is the base currency — the pair tells you how many US dollars (quote currency) are needed to purchase one euro.

A currency basket is a curated portfolio of multiple national currencies, each assigned a specific mathematical weighting. It serves as a benchmark for synthetic indices (such as the US Dollar Index), an international reserve asset (like the IMF's Special Drawing Rights), or an anchor for managed exchange rate regimes.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Barbados Dollar, the official legal tender of Barbados, pegged to the United States Dollar at a fixed rate of 2:1 since 1975.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Bangladeshi Taka, the official national currency of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, regulated by Bangladesh Bank.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Bulgarian Lev, the national currency of the Republic of Bulgaria, anchored to the Euro under a strict Currency Board Arrangement.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Bahraini Dinar, the official legal tender of the Kingdom of Bahrain, pegged to the United States Dollar at 0.376 BHD per 1 USD.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Bhutanese Ngultrum, the official legal tender of the Kingdom of Bhutan, pegged at 1:1 parity with the Indian Rupee.

Cable is the traditional financial market slang for the British Pound against the US Dollar currency pair (GBP/USD). The nickname originates from the transatlantic telegraph cables laid across the Atlantic Ocean floor in the mid-19th century to transmit exchange rate quotes between London and New York.

CAD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Canadian Dollar, the official currency of Canada. Informally known across global trading desks as the 'Loonie,' it ranks among the top-ten most liquid currencies and serves as a premier energy commodity currency in foreign exchange markets.

The Cambodian Riel (ISO: KHR) is the legal currency of Cambodia, functioning within a heavily dollarized dual-currency economic regime managed by the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) via a tightly stabilized crawl against the US Dollar.

The Canadian Dollar (ISO: CAD) is the sovereign currency of Canada and a primary G10 commodity currency, renowned in global foreign exchange for its deep liquidity, benchmark status, and strong econometric correlation with crude oil prices.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Congolese Franc, the official national currency of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, managed by the Banque Centrale du Congo.

The Central African CFA Franc (ISO: XAF) is the shared official currency of Cameroon and five other CEMAC member states, pegged at a fixed parity to the Euro and guaranteed by the French Treasury.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the WIR Euro, an electronic complementary trade currency operated alongside the WIR Franc (CHW) by Switzerland's WIR Bank to facilitate inter-enterprise barter credit.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Swiss Franc, the official legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein, renowned globally as a premier safe-haven reserve currency.

A conversion rate in foreign exchange is the numerical ratio at which one national currency can be exchanged for another, establishing the relative valuation and purchasing power between two distinct monetary units.

A convertible currency is any national currency that can be freely exchanged into other foreign currencies or gold on open markets without government restrictions, foreign exchange controls, or central bank licensing requirements. It reflects a nation's economic stability and open capital integration.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Colombian Peso, the official legal tender of the Republic of Colombia, regulated by the Banco de la República.

Copey is traditional foreign exchange dealing desk slang for the Danish Krone (DKK), derived from Denmark's capital city, Copenhagen, commonly traded against the Euro under the European Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II).

The ISO 4217 code for the Unidad de Valor Real (UVR), Colombia's official inflation-indexed accounting currency unit used to stabilize long-term mortgage contracts and sovereign debt.

A counter currency (also known as the quote or term currency) is the second currency listed in an FX pair, indicating the amount required to buy one unit of the base currency.

Countervalue is the equivalent cash monetary value of a foreign exchange transaction expressed in the counter (quote) currency, calculated by multiplying or dividing the base currency amount by the agreed exchange rate.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Costa Rican Colón, the official legal tender of the Republic of Costa Rica, regulated by the Banco Central de Costa Rica.

A cross rate, also known as a currency cross, is an exchange rate between two national currencies that does not involve the US Dollar. Prominent examples include EUR/GBP, EUR/JPY, GBP/JPY, and AUD/NZD, which are derived mathematically from each currency's respective quote against the US Dollar.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Cuban Peso, the official legal tender of the Republic of Cuba, administered by the Banco Central de Cuba.

A currency basket is a weighted portfolio of selected foreign currencies used by central banks, international institutions, and investors to establish benchmark exchange rates, peg currencies, or diversify reserve risk.

A currency pair is the quotation of two currencies against each other, expressing how much of the second currency (quote currency) is needed to buy one unit of the first (base currency). All forex trading occurs through currency pairs — you are simultaneously buying one currency and selling another. EUR/USD, GBP/USD, and USD/JPY are the world's most actively traded pairs.

A currency peg is a monetary policy regime in which a nation's central bank fixes or anchors its exchange rate to the value of another foreign currency, a basket of currencies, or a precious metal to promote trade stability and control inflation.

A currency symbol is a graphic typographic glyph (such as $, €, £, or ¥) or standardized three-letter alphanumeric code (ISO 4217) used to denote a specific monetary unit in commerce, banking, and financial markets.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Cape Verdean Escudo, the official legal tender of the Republic of Cabo Verde, pegged to the Euro via a bilateral exchange accord with Portugal.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Czech Koruna, the official national currency of the Czech Republic, governed by the Czech National Bank.

The Danish Krone (ISO: DKK) is the official currency of Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands, operating under the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) via a fixed peg within a narrow fluctuation band against the Euro.

The Deutsche Mark (DEM, D-Mark) was the official sovereign currency of Germany from 1948 until its replacement by the Euro in 1999, renowned globally as the anchor of European price stability.

A direct quote (direct quotation) is a foreign exchange rate quotation that expresses the price of one single unit of a foreign currency in terms of a variable number of domestic currency units.

DJF is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Djiboutian Franc, the official currency of the Republic of Djibouti, pegged to the US Dollar under a currency board arrangement.

DKK is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Danish Krone, the official currency of the Kingdom of Denmark, pegged to the Euro within the Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II).

DOP is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Dominican Peso, the official currency of the Dominican Republic, managed under a floating exchange rate regime by Banco Central de la República Dominicana.

DZD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Algerian Dinar, the official currency of Algeria, issued and managed under tight foreign exchange controls by the Banque d'Algérie.

EEK is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Estonian Kroon, the historic official currency of Estonia from 1928 to 1940 and 1992 to 2010, anchored to the Deutsche Mark and Euro under a currency board before Euro adoption.

EGP is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Egyptian Pound, the official currency of the Arab Republic of Egypt, managed under a flexible exchange rate regime by the Central Bank of Egypt.

ERN is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Eritrean Nakfa, the official legal tender of the State of Eritrea, issued and managed under strict capital controls by the Bank of Eritrea.

ETB is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Ethiopian Birr, the official legal tender of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, issued by the National Bank of Ethiopia.

EUR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Euro, the official single currency of 20 European Union member states and the world's second-largest reserve and trading currency.

The Euro (currency code: EUR, symbol: €) is the official sovereign currency of the Eurozone, comprising 20 member states of the European Union, managed by the European Central Bank, and representing the world's second most traded currency and second largest reserve asset.

Exotic currency pairs are foreign exchange instruments that pair a major global currency—typically the U.S. dollar or euro—with the currency of an emerging, developing, or smaller non-major national economy.

A fiat currency is a government-issued national currency that is not backed by a physical commodity such as gold or silver. Its value is derived entirely from public trust in the issuing government, legal tender laws, and central bank monetary stability rather than intrinsic material worth.

FJD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Fiji Dollar, the official currency of the Republic of Fiji, pegged to a trade-weighted currency basket by the Reserve Bank of Fiji.

FKP is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Falkland Islands Pound, the official currency of the Falkland Islands, pegged at a strict 1:1 parity with the British Pound Sterling.

Foreign exchange (forex or FX) is the global market for trading currencies. It is the largest financial market in the world by daily volume — $7.5 trillion per day — operating 24 hours a day, five days a week across financial centers in London, New York, Tokyo, Sydney, and Hong Kong. Every international business transaction, cross-border investment, and tourism activity involves forex at some level.

A funding currency is a national currency characterized by low benchmark interest rates, deep international liquidity, and a dovish monetary policy environment, borrowed by investors to finance the purchase of higher-yielding foreign assets in a currency carry trade.

A hard currency is a globally recognized, highly liquid national currency issued by a politically stable and economically sound nation, widely accepted as a store of value, medium of international commerce, and official foreign exchange reserve asset.

HKD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Hong Kong Dollar, the official currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, anchored to the US Dollar via the Linked Exchange Rate System.

HNL is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Honduran Lempira, the official currency of the Republic of Honduras, regulated under a crawling peg framework by the Banco Central de Honduras.

HRK is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Croatian Kuna, the historic official currency of Croatia from 1994 until its replacement by the Euro on January 1, 2023, at a fixed conversion rate of 7.53450 HRK per 1 EUR.

HTG is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Haitian Gourde, the official legal tender of the Republic of Haiti, regulated under a floating exchange rate regime by the Banque de la République d'Haïti.

HUF is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Hungarian Forint, the official currency of Hungary, regulated under a floating exchange rate regime by the Magyar Nemzeti Bank.

IDR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian Rupiah, the official currency of the Republic of Indonesia, regulated by Bank Indonesia under a managed floating exchange rate regime.

INR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indian Rupee, the official legal tender of the Republic of India, regulated under a managed floating exchange rate regime by the Reserve Bank of India.

IQD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Iraqi Dinar, the legal tender of Iraq, issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and governed through managed foreign exchange auction windows tied to hydrocarbon export revenues.

IRR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Iranian Rial, issued by the Central Bank of Iran and characterized by a multi-tiered exchange rate system, severe capital controls, and persistent currency depreciation; the acronym also denotes Internal Rate of Return in corporate finance.

ISK is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Icelandic Króna, the official legal tender of Iceland, managed by the Central Bank of Iceland (Sedlabanki Íslands) in a small open economy characterized by volatile terms of trade, tourism cycles, and a pioneering framework of macroprudential capital controls.

JMD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Jamaican Dollar, the legal tender of Jamaica, issued by the Bank of Jamaica under an inflation-targeting monetary framework featuring the market-driven B-FXITT foreign exchange auction mechanism.

JOD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Jordanian Dinar, the official currency of Jordan, issued by the Central Bank of Jordan and maintained as a strict hard peg to the US Dollar at 1 USD = 0.709 JOD since October 1995.

JPY is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Japanese Yen, the official legal tender of Japan, issued by the Bank of Japan, serving as the third most traded currency globally and the world's premier funding vehicle for cross-border carry trades.

A key currency is an internationally recognized, highly liquid currency that serves as the primary global standard for cross-border trade invoicing, official central bank reserves, international debt issuance, and as the reference anchor against which other sovereign currencies are pegged.

Kiwi is the ubiquitous financial market slang for the New Zealand Dollar (NZD), named after the flightless national bird stamped on the country's iconic one-dollar coin.

KMF is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Comorian Franc, the official currency of the Union of the Comoros, issued by the Central Bank of the Comoros and pegged to the Euro at 1 EUR = 491.96775 KMF via an Operations Account agreement with the French Treasury.

Limited convertibility refers to a foreign exchange regime where a sovereign government or central bank imposes statutory controls, quotas, or regulatory permissions on exchanging domestic currency for foreign currencies, typically allowing current account trade transactions while restricting capital account transfers.

Loonie is the universal financial market colloquialism for the Canadian Dollar (CAD), named after the solitary aquatic bird—the common loon—depicted on the reverse of Canada's definitive one-dollar coin.

LRD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Liberian Dollar, the official legal tender of Liberia, issued by the Central Bank of Liberia and operating within a dual-currency monetary framework alongside the United States Dollar.

LSL is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Lesotho Loti, the national currency of the Kingdom of Lesotho, issued by the Central Bank of Lesotho and pegged at a strict 1:1 parity with the South African Rand under the Common Monetary Area agreement.

LTL is the historical ISO 4217 currency code for the Lithuanian Litas, the official currency of Lithuania until January 1, 2015, when it was replaced by the Euro at a fixed rate of 1 EUR = 3.45280 LTL following two decades of a currency board regime.

LVL is the historical ISO 4217 currency code for the Latvian Lats, the national currency of Latvia from 1993 until January 1, 2014, when it was replaced by the Euro at a fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 0.702804 LVL.

The Macau Pataca (MOP) is the official currency of the Macau Special Administrative Region of China, governed under a strict currency board arrangement that pegs it to the Hong Kong Dollar at 1 HKD = 1.03 MOP.

The Macedonian denar (MKD) is the official fiat currency of North Macedonia, managed by the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia under a de facto fixed peg to the euro.

MAD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Moroccan dirham, the official legal tender of the Kingdom of Morocco, managed by Bank Al-Maghrib under a currency basket peg anchored to the euro and US dollar.

A managed float—commonly referred to as a 'dirty float'—is an exchange rate regime where a currency's market value is primarily driven by market supply and demand, but the central bank reserves the right to intervene opportunistically to prevent excessive volatility and steer the currency toward policy objectives.

MDL is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Moldovan leu, the official legal tender of the Republic of Moldova, issued and regulated by the National Bank of Moldova under a managed floating exchange rate regime.

MGA is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Malagasy ariary, the official legal tender of the Republic of Madagascar, issued by the Central Bank of Madagascar under a managed floating exchange rate system.

MKD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Macedonian denar, the official fiat currency of North Macedonia, managed under a de facto fixed exchange rate peg to the euro.

MNT is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Mongolian Tögrög (also spelled Tugrik; currency symbol ₮), the official legal tender of Mongolia issued and regulated by the Bank of Mongolia (Mongolbank).

MOP is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Macau Pataca (currency symbol: MOP$ or 圓), the legal tender of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, administered under a statutory currency board system pegged to the Hong Kong Dollar.

MRO is the historical ISO 4217 currency code for the Mauritanian Ouguiya (superseded by MRU in 2018), the official legal tender of Mauritania issued by the Banque Centrale de Mauritanie. In European banking and central banking, MRO also serves as the acronym for Main Refinancing Operations, the key liquidity policy facility of the European Central Bank.

MTL is the historical ISO 4217 currency code for the Maltese Lira (currency symbol: Lm or ₤M), the official legal tender of the Republic of Malta from 1972 until January 1, 2008, when Malta adopted the Euro at the fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 0.429300 MTL.

MUR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Mauritian Rupee (currency symbol: ₨), the official legal tender of the Republic of Mauritius, issued and administered by the Bank of Mauritius (BoM).

MVR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Maldivian Rufiyaa (currency symbol: Rf or ރ.), the official legal tender of the Republic of Maldives, issued and managed by the Maldives Monetary Authority under a pegged horizontal band regime anchored to the US Dollar.

MWK is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Malawian Kwacha (currency symbol: MK), the official legal tender of the Republic of Malawi, administered and issued by the Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM).

MXN is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Mexican Peso (currency symbol: $), the official legal tender of the United Mexican States, issued and regulated by the autonomous central bank, Banco de México (Banxico).

NGN is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Nigerian Naira (currency symbol: ₦), the official legal tender of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, issued and administered by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).

NPR is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Nepalese Rupee (currency symbol: ₨ or रु), the official legal tender of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, issued and regulated by the Nepal Rastra Bank under a permanent conventional peg to the Indian Rupee.

NZD is the ISO 4217 currency code for the New Zealand Dollar (currency symbol: $), the official legal tender of New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, and the Pitcairn Islands, administered by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) under a free-floating exchange rate regime.

PAB is the ISO 4217 currency code for the Panamanian Balboa (currency symbol: B/.), the official legal tender of the Republic of Panama, maintained at permanent 1:1 parity with the US Dollar in a fully dollarized monetary regime.

PEN (Peruvian Sol) is the official currency of Peru, denoted by the symbol S/ and regulated by the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú (BCRP).

PGK (Papua New Guinea Kina) is the official currency of Papua New Guinea, subdivided into 100 toea and issued by the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG).

PHP (Philippine Peso or Piso) is the official currency of the Philippines, subdivided into 100 sentimos and regulated by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).

A pip is the smallest standardized price movement in a forex currency pair. For most pairs, one pip equals 0.0001 — the fourth decimal place. It is the universal unit traders use to measure profit, loss, and spread.

PKR (Pakistani Rupee) is the official currency of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, issued and regulated by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP).

PLN (Polish Zloty) is the official currency of Poland, subdivided into 100 groszy and issued by Narodowy Bank Polski (NBP).

PYG (Paraguayan Guaraní) is the official currency of Paraguay, subdivided into 100 céntimos and issued by the Banco Central del Paraguay (BCP).

The quote currency—frequently called the counter currency or term currency—is the second currency listed in a forex currency pair, representing the amount required to purchase one unit of the base currency.

In foreign exchange market quotation conventions, a reciprocal currency refers to: (1) the counter or quote currency appearing on the right side of a currency pair; or (2) an exchange rate expressed as the mathematical inverse (1 / Rate) of standard market quotation conventions.

A revaluation is the calculated, official upward adjustment of a nation's official exchange rate relative to a chosen baseline—such as another foreign currency or gold—enacted deliberately by a central bank or monetary authority.

RSD (Serbian Dinar) is the official currency of the Republic of Serbia, subdivided into 100 para and issued by the National Bank of Serbia (NBS).

SGD (Singapore Dollar) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore, subdivided into 100 cents and regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).

SHP (Saint Helena Pound) is the official currency of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, pegged 1:1 to the British Pound Sterling (GBP).

SKK (Slovak Koruna) was the official historical currency of the Slovak Republic from 1993 until January 1, 2009, when Slovakia adopted the Euro at a conversion rate of 30.1260 SKK per Euro.

SLL (Sierra Leonean Leone) was the historical currency code for the official legal tender of the Republic of Sierra Leone, redenominated in July 2022 to the New Leone (SLE) at a 1,000:1 ratio.

SOS (Somali Shilling) is the official currency of the Federal Republic of Somalia, subdivided into 100 senti and regulated by the Central Bank of Somalia (CBS).

The South African Rand (ISO: ZAR) is the official currency of South Africa and the Common Monetary Area (Namibia, Lesotho, Eswatini), functioning in global foreign exchange as a high-beta emerging market commodity and carry trade currency.

The spread is the difference between the bid price (what a broker will buy from you) and the ask price (what they'll sell to you). Quoted in pips, it is the primary transaction cost in forex trading and the main revenue source for market makers.

The official institutional and historical designation for the legal tender of the United Kingdom, formally titled the Pound Sterling (ISO code: GBP, symbol: £), recognized as the oldest continuously used sovereign currency in existence.

Traders' institutional slang for the Swedish Krona (ISO currency code: SEK), derived from Sweden's financial and political capital, Stockholm.

Traders' market slang for the Swiss Franc (ISO currency code: CHF), or specifically for the USD/CHF currency pair, globally renowned as the world's premier safe-haven currency.

SYP (Syrian Pound) is the official currency of the Syrian Arab Republic, subdivided into 100 qirsh (piastres) and regulated by the Central Bank of Syria (CBS).

SZL (Swazi Lilangeni, plural Emalangeni) is the official currency of the Kingdom of Eswatini, pegged at 1:1 parity with the South African Rand (ZAR) under the Common Monetary Area (CMA).

THB (Thai Baht) is the official currency of the Kingdom of Thailand, subdivided into 100 satang and issued by the Bank of Thailand (BOT).

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Tajikistani Somoni, the official legal tender of the Republic of Tajikistan issued and managed by the National Bank of Tajikistan.

The legacy ISO 4217 currency code for the first Turkmenistani Manat, which served as the official legal tender of Turkmenistan from November 1, 1993, until its replacement by the modern Manat (TMT) on January 1, 2009.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Tunisian Dinar, the official legal tender of the Republic of Tunisia, managed by the Central Bank of Tunisia under strict capital and convertibility controls.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Tongan Paʻanga, the official legal tender of the Kingdom of Tonga, pegged to a trade-weighted basket of foreign currencies by the National Reserve Bank of Tonga.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Turkish Lira, the official legal tender of the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, issued and managed by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Trinidad and Tobago Dollar, the official legal tender of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, managed under a de facto stabilized arrangement by the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the New Taiwan Dollar, the official legal tender of Taiwan (Republic of China), issued and managed by the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

A two-tier market is a dual exchange rate regime wherein a sovereign monetary authority operates two separate foreign exchange tiers: an official, subsidized peg for priority trade transactions and a floating or parallel market rate for financial capital flows.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Tanzanian Shilling, the official legal tender of the United Republic of Tanzania, issued and managed by the Bank of Tanzania.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Ukrainian Hryvnia, the official legal tender of Ukraine, issued and managed by the National Bank of Ukraine.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Ugandan Shilling, the official legal tender of the Republic of Uganda, issued and regulated by the Bank of Uganda.

An unconvertible currency, or non-convertible currency, is a sovereign legal tender that cannot be freely exchanged for foreign currencies or gold on international markets due to strict governmental capital controls, legal prohibitions, or economic isolation.

The US Dollar Index (USDX, commonly known as DXY) is a geometrically weighted geometric mean benchmark measuring the external value of the United States Dollar relative to a basket of six major foreign currencies.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the United States Dollar, the official legal tender of the United States of America and the preeminent global reserve and trade currency, issued by the Federal Reserve System.

The historical ISO 4217 currency code for the original Venezuelan Bolívar, which served as the official legal tender of Venezuela from 1879 until its redenomination as the Bolívar Fuerte (VEF) on January 1, 2008.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Vanuatu Vatu, the official legal tender of the Republic of Vanuatu, issued and managed by the Reserve Bank of Vanuatu.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Central African CFA Franc, the official legal tender shared by the six member states of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), issued by the Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the East Caribbean Dollar, the official legal tender shared by the eight member territories of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU), issued by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank and pegged to the US dollar at 2.70 XCD = 1 USD.

The ISO 4217 currency code for Special Drawing Rights (SDR), an international supplementary reserve asset created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and valued based on a basket of five major global currencies.

The historical ISO 4217 currency code for the Gold Franc, a specialized international unit of account based on a fixed weight of fine gold, utilized by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and international treaty organizations until 2003.

The historical ISO 4217 currency code for the UIC Franc, a specialized synthetic settlement unit of account established by the International Union of Railways (UIC) to clear cross-border rail transport tariffs and multilateral debts among European railway operators.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the West African CFA Franc, the official legal tender shared by the eight member nations of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU / UEMOA), issued by the Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest and pegged to the euro at 1 EUR = 655.957 XOF.

The ISO 4217 financial currency code representing one troy ounce of physical fine palladium, traded globally as a precious and industrial metal on international commodities and foreign exchange markets.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the CFP Franc (Franc Pacifique), the official legal tender used in the French Pacific overseas collectivities of French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Wallis and Futuna, issued by the Institut d'Émission d'Outre-Mer (IEOM) and pegged to the euro.

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Yemeni Rial, the official legal tender of the Republic of Yemen, characterized by acute monetary fragmentation between competing central banking authorities in Aden and Sana'a.

The historical ISO 4217 currency code for the original Zambian Kwacha, the sovereign currency of Zambia from 1968 until its redenomination in January 2013 at a ratio of 1,000 old Kwacha to 1 new Kwacha (ZMW).

The historical ISO 4217 currency code for the first-generation Zimbabwean Dollar (1980–2006), which initiated one of the most catastrophic hyperinflations in modern monetary history before undergoing multiple revaluations and total demonetization.